Internal-combustion engine.



A. B. BROWN & W. A. HIGKMAN.

INTERNAL OOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. a. 1910.

Patented Man?, 1911.

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etarra s .errar cierren ANDREW BET'IS BROWN AND WILLIAIVI ALBERTIIICKMAN, 0F LONDON, ENGLAND; SAID BROWN ASSIGNOR TO SAID I-IICKMAN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTIQN ENGINE.

Application filed February 3, 1910.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, ANDREW yBn'rrs BROWN and VILLIAM ALBERT Hic/Imran,both residents of 3 Bloomsbury street, in the city of London, England,and both subjects of the King of Great Britain, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in internal-Combustion Engines; and we dohereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription of the same.

The invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines, asdescribed in the present specification and illustrated in theaccompanying drawings that form part of the same.

The invention consists essentially of the novel arrangement andconstruction whereby the operation of the piston in successive impulses.is assured by having an explosion chamber at each end of the cylinderfed from low compression chambers.

The objects of the invention are to thoroughly cool the parts duringoperation, to increase the efficiency of the gas engine, to devise asimple arrangement of parts which shall insure economy in constructionand re duction in weight in proportion to the eil'ectiveness inoperation and generally to provide a suitable engine for speed purposesin motor car, aerial, marine and other work.

in the drawings, Figure 1 isa vertical sectional view of the preferredform of the engine. Fig. Q is a cross sectional view on the line i1-B inFig. 1. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional View of a slightly modified formof the engine. Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view on the line C-D in Fig.3.

Like numerals of ref-erence indicate corresponding parts in each ligure.

The present invention has been made with a view of increasing theefficiency of the two cycle type of internal combustion engine and inthe description' hereinafter it will be seen by adapting broadly some ofthe features of the usual two cycle type to a double acting engine ofthe novel features as set forth herein, a double acting two cycle typeis secured which is in reality equivalent to a one cycle internalcombustion engine, that is to say, the low compression chambers are soarranged as to feed the eX- plosion chambers of a cylinder respectively,so that a constant succession of impulses follows.

Referring to the drawings, 1 is the larger Specification of LettersPatent.

Patented Mar. "E, 1911.

serial No. 541,819.

section of the cylinder encircled by the casing 2 forming the waterjacket 3, said section 1 having the flanges l at the upper end and theflanges 5 at the lower end, the port 6 through the side wall and thewater jacket adjacent to the upper end, the port 7 through the bottomthereof, the sparking plug 8 and the central opening through the bottom9.

10 is a by-pass formed in the wall of the cylinder section 1 toward theupper end thereof.

11 .is the smaller section of the cylinder having the flanges 12 and 13meeting the larger section and suitably secured thereto and completelysurrounded bv the casing 1st forming the water jacket 15.

1G is a by-pass in the wall of the smaller section 11 toward the lowerend thereof.

1T is an exhaust port toward the lower end of the section 11.

1S is a sparking plug extending through the head of the smaller section11. Y

It will be thus seen that the cylinder is formed of two sections 1 and11, the section 1 being of greater diameter than the section 11,consequently there is a shoulder formed by the flange 13 surrounding theentrance to the smaller section.

19 is a tubular double wall extending in from a central opening 9 andterminating at a point adjacent to the extremity of the said. largersection 1 and closed at its top end forming the water jacket 20, andtherefore an annular explosion chamber 9,1 is formed which substantiallycorresponds in area to the explosion chamber 22 at. the other end of thecylinder on account of the larger diameter of the section 1.

23 is the piston of corresponding diameter to the interior of thesmaller section 11 and traveling therein and also sliding over, intelescopic arrangement, the tubular wall 19, and having at the lower endthe laterally extending flange 24, said flange Qd terminating in theT-head 25, abutting the side wall of the larger section 1.

Q6 is a baffle plate extending upwardly from the head of the pistontoward the inlet side of the explosion chamber 22. The flange 24; formson the explosion chamber side thereof, a piston face substantiallycorresponding in area to the face of the piston head at the other end ofthe piston and the said flange 24 and the flange 13 with the piston andside walls of the larger section 1 form a low compression chamber 27into which the inlet port leads. rlhe by-pass. l0 forms a passage in oneposition of the piston from the said low compression chamber 27 to theexplosion chamber 21.

28 is a spring-held valve of any suitable form arranged in the inletport 6.

29 is a cap securely bolted to the bottom of the larger section l overthe central opening 9, said cap terminating in the gland 30, throughwhich the piston rod 3l extends, said piston rod being secured to saidpiston by the pin 32.

33 is a spring-held valve arranged in the exhaust port 7 and having itsstem 34 extend downwardly therefrom.

35 is a rod extending laterally from the piston rod 3l and adapted toengage the stem of the valve 33 for opening the exhaust port T from theexplosion chamber 2l. The cap 29 has the inlet port 3G, through whichthe enters into the low compression chamber 37, which is the interior ofthe piston and the passage formed by the tubular wall 19.

38 are packing rings between the outer s-ide of the wall of the piston23 and the interior wall of the smaller section 1l of the cylinder.

39 are packing rings between the interior wall of the piston 23 and thetubular wall 19.

40 is an outlet port from the low compression chamber 3T through thewall of the piston 23.

ln Fig. 3, 4l is the larger section of the cylinder and 42 the smallersection arranged in practically the same way as the larger and smallersections l and l1.

43 is the tubular wall extending inwardly from the central opening inthe bottom of the larger section 4l.

44 is the by-pass in the wall of the larger section 4l.

45 is the inlet port through the wall of the larger section 4l adjacentto the end thereof.

4G is the exhaust port through the wall of the larger section 4lintermediate ofthe length thereof.

47 is the by-pass in the wall of the smaller section 42.

48 is the exhaust port through the wall of said smaller section. Thegeneral arrangement of the two sections of the cylinder is the same as.that illustrated in Fig. l, such as the water jackets, sparking plugs,and flanges, though the larger section is a little longer.

49 is the cap closing the central opening in the bottom of the largersection 4l and of similar construction to the cap 29.

50 is the piston of hollow type and having the enlarged end 5l travelingin the larger section 4l, while the main portion is adapted to travel inthe small section 42.

52 is a tubular wall extending upwardly from a central opening in thehead of the enlarged end and terminating intermediate of the length ofsaid piston forming an annular' chamber in said piston surrounding thetubular wall 43 and telescopically arranged thereon.

53 is a baille plate extending from the head of the smaller end of thepiston adjacent to one side thereof.

54 is a baille plate extending from the larger end of the piston towardone side thereof.

is a piston rod secured to the piston by the pin 5G and extendingthrough the cap 49.

T he description of the construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4 has beenvery much abbreviated in view of the fact that there is comparativelylittle change from the construction shown in Figs. l and 2 being merelya matter of detail to enlarge the lower end of the piston and form anannular chamber therein and not at all essential, though it may bepreferable construction under some conditions.

ln the operation of this engine, the travel of the piston causes the neessary vacuums in the low compression chamber. and 3T, with theconsequence that the is drawn in and as the said gas is very cold theparts of the engine are thoroughly cooled, the first compression, takingthe chamber 2T, is done by the upward movement of the piston and as thesaid piston travels along the wall of the larger section of thecylinder, it uncovers the inlet and outlet in the by-pass in the wall ofsaid larger section. This by-pass leads, as explained hereinbefore, fromthe low compression chamber 2T to the explosion chamber 2l, so that thegas flows from said low compression chamber 27 into said annularexplosion chamber andv on the down stroke, this gas is furthercompressed and is exploded in the usual manner. @n this down stroke, thegas, which has been sucked into the low compression chamber El?, getsits first compression and as the piston continues to travel toward thehead of the annular explosion chamber 2l, the port 40, that is to 55h37,chamber 3l', registers with the by-pass 16 and as the outlet from saidoy-pass is free, the gas from said low compression chamber 37 flows into the explosion chztmber 22, therefore on the impulse stroke from theexplosion chamber 2l, the .0' in the explosion chamber 22 is compressedand exploded in he usual manner, which imparts the impulse to the pistonin the other direction. ln the meantime, the low compression of thcsecond charge has been going on in the chamber 27 and flows in at theproper time into the annular explosion chamber 2l, the exhaust port 17being opened by the travel of the piston rod 3l. The exploded gases arethus the outlet port from the low compression driven out by the incominggases and explosion occurs, which drives the piston in the otherdirection. This operation is constant while the engine is in motion,therefore, there is no lost stroke, each stroke is an impulse strokecombined with the compression stroke and while the separate ends of thecylinder are each in itself a two cycle type of engine, the combinedoperation, that is the double acting' engine makes the whole machine, inoperation, a one cycle engine.

The operation of the invention illustrated in Figs. 3 and et isprecisely similar with the exception that the exhaust valve in theannular explosion chamber is not shown there being merely an exhaustport.

No special feature has been made of the valves in this invention as allsuch parts are details and not salient features. Any suitableconstruction may be used so long as the main features to the inventionare not departed from, namely, the low compression chambers, anexplosion chamber at each end of the cylinder respectively for thepurpose of imparting to the piston impulse strokes in constantsuccession.

lVhat we claim as our invention is:

l. ln an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a reduced sectionforming an explosion chamber and a tubular wall extending into andforming in the larger section an annular explosion chamber and inletsand outlets, said sections at the joining forming a shoulder, and ahollow piston adapted to enter said reduced section and having anextension to the wall of the larger section forming with said shoulder alow compression chamber suitably connected to an explosive mixturesupply and to the annular explosie-n chamber, said hollow pist-on alsoforming in the interior thereof with the passage formed by said tubularwall, a low compression chamber suitably connected to the explosivemixture supply and to the explosive chamber in the reduced end of thecylinder.

2. 1n an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a reduced portionand a tubular wall extending inwardly from a central lopening in thehead of t-he larger portion forming an explosion chamber in the reducedportion and an annular explosion chamber in said larger portion andsuitable inlets and exhausts to and from said explosion chambers, apiston extending into said reduced portion and telescopically arrangedover said tubular wall and having lateral extensions from the lower endthereof abutting the side walls of the larger portion of the cylinder,said piston forming, with the passage formed by said tubular wall, a lowcompression chamber having a suitable inlet and with the walls of saidcylinder forming a second low compression chamber having a suitableinlet thereinto, said low compression chambers being connected to theexplosion chambers at the end of the cylinder by suitable by-passes, anda cap closing said central opening in the head of the cylinder.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder formed of sections ofdifferent diameters, said cylinder having a central opening through thehead of the larger section and a tubular wall extending inwardly fromsaid opening forming an annular explosion chamber of substantially equalarea to the explosion chamber in the smaller portion of the cylinder,said explosion chambers having inlets and exhausts, a pistoncorrespondingly formed and telescopically arranged over said tubularwall and having an annular face surrounding said wall and forming withinand without together with the cylinder parts low compression chambersconnected with the explosion chambers through by-passes in the wall ofsaid cylinder uncovered during the travel of said piston.

et. ln an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a portionthereof of reduced diameter and flanges extending' laterally from saidreduced portion forming shoulders, said cylinder having a tubular 'allextending thereinto and exhausts at each end and an inlet intermediateof its length and adjacent to said shoulder, a hollow piston forming alow compression chamber and extending into said reduced portion andtelescopically arranged over said tubular wall and having an outlet andan annular flange forming a face surrounding said tubular wall andpartitioning the annular explo-sion chamber from an annular lowcompression chamber, a. cap terminating in a suitable gland and a pistonrod secured to said piston and extending through said gland.

5. In a devi-e of the class described, in combination, a cylinder formedof two sections, the section of smaller diameter having outwardlyextending flanges meeting the walls of the section of larger diameterand forming shoulders intermediate of the length of th-e completecylinder, said cylinder having inlets, outlets, by-passes, an outercasing completely therearound forming a water jacket, an opening in thehead of the larger section and a double wall extending inwardly andterminating intermediate of the length of the said larger section, a capclosing said opening in the head of the cylinder having an inlet porttherethrough, and a gland formed in the crown thereof, a hollow pistonadapted to operate in said section of smaller diameter and over saidinwardly extending double wall and having an outlet port adjacent to itsupper end and an outwardly extending flange at its lower end terminatingin a T-head abutting the wall of the section of larger diameter, saidpiston forming in the interior thereof a low compression chamber andpartitioning a second loiv compression chamber in said larger section,said low compression chambers being connected With the explosionchambers at the ends of said cylinder respectively by said by-passes,and a piston rod extending from said piston through said gland.

6. In a device ot the class described, in combination, a cylinder havinga reduced portion and a piston correspondingly formed and operatingtherein, said cylinder having an opening in one head thereof and atubular Wall extending inwardly from aid opening forming an annularexplosion chamber corresponding substantially in area to an explosionchamber at the other end of said cylinder and said piston 'forming Withthe chamber inclosed by said tubular Wall a lowv compression chamberhaving a suitable inlet thereinto and with the Wall of said cylinder asecond loiv compression chamber having a suitable inletl thereinto,suitable passages being arranged from the louv compression chambers tosaid explosion chambers and suitable exhaust ports from said explosionchambers, and check valves in said inlet ports.

7. n a device of the class described, in combination, a cylinder having'an explosion chamber at each end thereof or" substantially equal areaone of said chambers surrounding an inner tubular Wall trom an openingin the cylinder head, said Wall forming a iiuid chamber having an inletthereinto and a piston correspondingly formed and traveling over saidtubular Wall correspondingly formed and operating Within said cylinderand forming in combination therewith a plurality of low compressionchambers connected with a supply of explosive mixture and suitablyconnected with said explosion chambers on the operation of said pistonone of said loiv compression chambers being Within said piston and theother being Without said piston said explosion chambers having suitableexhaust ports therefrom, and an ignition means at each end of thecylinder.

8. In a-device ot the class described, in combination, a cylinder havingsections of different diameters and an explosion chainber in eachsection ot' substantially equal area one ot said explosion chamberssurrounding a tubular Wall extending inwardly trom one of the heads anda hollow piston correspondingly formed operating therein, said pistonforming With the chamber inclosed by the said tubular Wall and With theWall of said cylinder a plurality of lov.'v compression chambers havingsuitable inlet ports connected to a supply of explosive mixture, saidlouT compression chambers being arranged through suitable by-passes inthe cylinder to connect with said explosion chambers at definite periodsduring the operation of said piston, and an ignition means at each endof the cylinder.

9. In a device of the class described, in combination, a cylinder havinga r-educed end forming an explosion chamber having inlet and exhaustports and an annular explosion chamber in the larger end formed by atubular Wall Within the cylinder and having inlet and exhaust ports anda piston operating in said cylinder and adapted to travel on saidtubular Wall and torni a plurality of low compression chambers havingsuitable inlet and outlet ports and connected at definite periods Withthe explosion chambers at the ends of said cylinder respectively, valvesarranged in said inlet ports to the compression chamber, a valve in saidexhaust port from the annular explosion chamber, a piston rodoperatively connected with said exhaust port valve, and an ignitionmeans at each end of the cylinder.

Signed at the city and district of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, this 26thday of J anuary, 1910.

ANDRE BETTS BRONN. VILLIAM ALBERT HOKWAN.

Wvitnesses G. H. TRESIDDER, P. Sinin.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for Five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

